John jstoblit



@glatten t-attel atat @time Letters Patent No. 73,920, dated January 28,1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN HAIR-CLOTH.

dige ,rlnbnie retener tu in tlgest @aan atnit inn mating wat nf. tigttime.

TO ALL WHGM IT MAY CONCERN:

Bc it known that I, JOHN NOBLIT, of the city and county of Philadelphia,State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and improved Hair-Cloth; andI'do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,making apart of this specification, in which i Figure I is a frontsectional elevation of'certain parts of a loom, which latter is adaptedfor weaving my improved hair-cloth. i 1

Figure 2 is a top view of fig. 1.'

Figures 3, 4, and 5 Vshow the three diierent positions of thehair-nippers in distributing the hairsin the shed.

Figure 6 is a top view of the hair-nippers and race-beam. l

Figure 'T shows the arrangement of the hairs in the warp-threads.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the severalfigures.

This invention relates vparticularly to an improvement on themanufacture of a fabric which is known as hair-cloth, it being composedof hairs and threads woven together, so as to present a surface which isentirely of hair. Under all the modes hitherto adopted of weaving thisfabric there is a great waste of-hair.7 in consequence of such modesinvolving the necessity of having the hairs equal in length to the widthoit' the cloth which it is desired to'weave, for which reason wide andvery wide hair-cloth is very expensive.

The object'ofmy invention is to provide for utilizingshort hairs in themanufacture ofhair-cloth, by interweaving these hairs with. the warp insuch manner that a given width of cloth can be madeof hairs which arevery little longer than half the width of such cloth; or, if desirable,cloth can be made which is nearly double the width of any cloth hithertomade of a given length of hairs, as will be hereinafter described.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand my invention, I willdescribe its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings, have represented certain parts of a loomwhich is adapted for weaving my improved hair-cloth; and, while I preferto employ such parts, .I do not conine my invention to their use. Themain lpart of the loom whichy I have represented is constructed afterthe plan described by me in my Letters Patent dated on the ninth dayofvApril, 186,1. i

` A represents the main frame of the loom, and B is the vibratinglay-frame, carrying the nippers which distribute the hairs in the shed.This frame, B, receives'its motions from a rotating crank-shaft, O,extending transversely across the top rails offrame A, and receivingmotion from any suitable prime-mover. The shaft C has three cranks uponit, two^of which are connected to the frame B by means of pitman-rods, DD, while the other communicates motion to the rock-shaft E through themedium of a pitman-rod, F.

To the forward part of the rock-shaft E an arm, G, is pivoted, in suchmanner as will allow this arm to vibrate in a direction with the lengthof said shaft, at the same time that it receives a lateral vibration, inconsequence of the oscillation of said shaft. The upper end of the arm Gis forked for receiving the lower edge of the arc a of the lay-frame,which latter guides said arm in its lateral as wellas longitudinalvibrations. To the upper end of the arm Gr one end of a pit'mamrod, H,is pivoted, the opposite end of which is pivoted to an arm whichisformed on the rear end of a nipper-box, I, and which passes through along slot made through the race-beam of the lay-frame B, as shown iniig. I.

Other parts of the loom may be constructed in the usual well-knownmanner, with the following exceptions: The nipper-box I carries twonippers, b and e, one of which, is longer than the other, as shown inthe draw* ings. These nippers are long, narrow pieces of metal, pivotedwithin a-channel formedin the box I by means of a transverse pin at e,and acted upon at their rear or outer ends by means of springs, whichlreep their griping-endst down upon the jaw j' of the box I. The Vrearupper edges of the nippersb c have elevations or cams formed on them,which are acted upon at certain times by dogs or pivoted cams, whichlatter raise the gripingjaws of said nippers. i i

The dogs g g are pivot'ed vto the upper ends of two standards, t L,rising from the race-beam; and these dogs are so arranged that theyraise or open the jaws of the nippers at proper times for receiving thehairs. The dogg1 is pivoted to a standard, hl, and so arranged as toopen the nipper-jaw b at the proper time to drop one of the' hairs; andthe dog g, whichis pivoted to the standard h2, is so arranged as toraise the jaw e at the proper time to.drop the other one of the hairs.

The tufts of hairs are suitably attached to one end of the race-beam,opposite the mali metal catches iz". The points or smallest ends of,Ithe hairs of the tuft which is opposite the catch t' are upward,vand thebutts or largest ends of the hairs of thetuft which is 4opposite 'thecatch t" are upward. The catchesz t" arc secured upon a strip, j, theupper surface of which ist in the plane of the lower gripig-jaw f; andthese catches are arranged at proper distance apart to deliver the hairsbetween the gripingsuraees of the nippers, when in the 'positions shownin dg. A3.

In order that the hairs shall be taken by the nippers, a person isstationed at one end of the loom, who

draws out the hairs one at a time, and fastens the ends under thecatches z'z'r, so that, at every backward stroke ofthe nippers,twohairs'are carried into the shed, andbeaten .up by t'heday. When thenipper's have moved an inch or more past the middle ofthe widthof theshed, the dog gl raises the nipper-jaw b, and releases` one of the twohairs; and, when'the nippers have moved such a distance as to bring theother hair in the proper position, the dog g2 raises jaw c, and dropsthis hair. While the nipperslare delivering theiliairs bet-'Ween thewarpi threads or shed, the person stationedA at one end o f the loomadjusts two hairs inproper positionto be griped by the nippers on theirreturn. By these means the woven fabric' will present the appearanceindicated in the diagram, iig. 7; that is to say,itbe inner ends ofeveryday of' hairs willV overlap or extend past eachother an inch ormore. Y i

In order to have `the .fabric present an even appearance and levelsurface, the hairs :1re drawn from the tufts by butts and points, andthe points of,.the hairs left in the middle of the fabric.

In consequence of the peculiar'.movements4 given to the harnesses ofhair-cloth looms forprcsenting a comf `pact hair-surface upon one sideof the`clotb, thehair will be crimped and interwoven with thewarp-threads, in

'such manner as to leave that'portion of the cloth wherethe hairsoverlap as strong as if not stronger than any other par-tof the fabric.i

As above desoribedath'e loom is adapted ior weaving only one width -ofcloth. To adapt it for weaving different widths, I make oblong slots,ZZ, through thev race-beam, through which the bolts pass that secure thetwo standards hl tz to said beam. These slots admit of the adjustment ofthe standards hl h2 with their pivoted dogs', so that-hairs of diierentlengths canbe dropped at diiferent times.

It will be seen, from the above description,`that I produce a-new andimproved fabric, composed of hairs, the ends of which overlap each otherin themiddleof its width, as indicated in iig. 7. It will also be seenthat this fabric is nearly double the width-of the length of.hairscomposing the woot'.

While I am enabled to make hair-cloth nearly double the width ofhair-cloth hitherto made, this is not so much the object of my inventionasfit is to utilize hairs, which, under the old modes of weaving, aretoo short for salable cloth. l A

It desirable, more than two nippers or hair-carriers may be employed,and arranged so as to drop three or more hairs in the shed at everybackward stroke, in which case the throw of thenippers or hair-carrierswould have to be increased, and an 'additional number of lifting-dogsarranged at proper points upon the race-beam.

Having described my invention", what I claim'as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. Two-or more nippcrs or hair-carriers in a 'loom forweavinghair-cloth, which are operated so asto close upon two or more hairssimultaneously, and then to dropthe hairs singly and atdiilierent'points in the shed or warp, substantially as described'. I il 2. A fabric, each lay of the woof of which is'composed of two or morehairs laid together, substantially as described. a

, JOHN NOBLIT.

Witnesses: i

WILLA'RD S. BROWN, CHAs. A.l\AXwuLL.

